Accessibility and Water Permeability of the Edges of Settlements
Abstract: This conference paper deals with the issue of accessibility and permeability of peripheral parts of smaller settlements, with special focus on the urban design and impacts on the quality of life of the residents and on the ecosystem services of the area. Various aspects of urban planning and development of smaller settlements have been analysed and compared in order to assess their accessibility for pedestrians, cyclists and motorists and to determine how these factors affect the overall accessibility of the settlements. In the course of the research, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) capabilities were used to quantify the permeability of different areas of smaller settlements. Furthermore, based on orthophoto data containing information on the infrared component of light, the water permeability of the whole area was categorized. The results of the study show a tendency towards sharpening of the edge towards open landscape, making it less accessible to residents and at the same time reducing the possibilities for sustainable development of the settlement in the future. Settlements that place a higher value on pedestrian and cycling accessibility tend to have higher levels of walkability and are perceived by residents as more welcoming and liveable. On the other hand, settlements with a greater focus on cars often have lower levels of walkability and have the potential to negatively impact the environment and the quality of life and of the ecosystem services of these areas, plus eventual increase of their fragmentation. This paper is designed to contribute to the discussion on sustainable urban planning and improving walkability of smaller settlements in order to promote mobility and improve the quality of life of residents and of all ecosystems that meet at these areas. The results of the study can be used to inform decision-making processes in urban planning, transport planning and sustainable development of smaller settlements.
